Batik adalah kerajinan tangan sebagai hasil pewarnaan secara perintangan menggunakan malam (lilin batik) panas sebagai perintang warna dengan alat utama pelekat lilin batik berupa canting tulis dan atau canting cap untuk membentuk motif tertentu yang memiliki makna.
Batik termasuk salah satu surface desain, mempunyai nilai karya seni tradisional Indonesia bernilai tinggi, dengan banyak memanfaatkan unsur menggambar ornamen pada kain yang memiliki teknik dan symbol budaya yang erat dengan identitas budaya rakyat Indonesia. Tradisi membatik pada mulanya merupakan tradisi yang turun temurun, sehingga kadang kala suatu motif dapat dikenali berasal dari batik keluarga tertentu. Beberapa motif batik dapat menunjukkan status seseorang. Tradisi membatik diturunkan dari generasi ke generasi dengan proses tutup celup, proses penutupan kain menggunakan malam (lilin). Batik telah ditetapkan sebagai Warisan budaya nusantara (Indonesia) oleh UNESCO sejak 2 Oktober 2009.
Ragam corak dan warna Batik dipengaruhi oleh berbagai pengaruh asing. Batik Indonesia memiliki beragam makna simbolis dari warna dan coraknya yang mengekspresikan kreatifitas dan spiritualitas rakyat Indonesia. Awalnya, batik memiliki ragam corak dan warna yang terbatas, dan beberapa corak hanya boleh dipakai oleh kalangan tertentu. Batik tradisonal tetap mempertahankan coraknya, dan masih dipakai dalam upacara-upacara adat, karena biasanya masing-masing corak memiliki perlambangan masing-masing.
Macam-macam jenis batik menurut teknik :
- Batik tulis adalah kain yang dihias dengan teksture dan corak batik menggunakan tangan (canting). Pembuatan batik jenis ini memakan waktu yang lama kurang lebih 2-3 bulan.
- Batik cap adalah kain yang dihias dengan teksture dan corak batik yang dibentuk dengan cap ( biasanya terbuat dari tembaga). Proses pembuatan batik cap lebih cepat dari batik tulis yaitu sekitar 2-3 hari pembuatan.
- Batik Print adalah proses pembuatan batik dengan cara batik yang proses pembuatannya dicetak melalui proses printing. Proses batik dapat diselesaikan tanpa menggunakan lilin malam serta canting.
Cara pembuatan batik
Semula batik dibuat di atas bahan dengan warna putih yang terbuat dari kapas yang dinamakan kain mori. Dewasa ini batik juga dibuat di atas bahan lain seperti sutera, linen, shantung, katun, thai silk dll. Motif batik dibentuk dengan cairan malam (lilin) untuk malam (lilin) kami memproduksi sendiri dengan campuran bahan-bahan seperti lilin dll.
Alat canting kami memiliki berbagai bentuk, ukuran, dan fungsi yang berbeda salah satunya adalah :
Selain menggunakan canting, batik mengunakan alat cap untuk membentuk motif, kami memiliki salah satu motif cap tradisional dan modern dengan memproduksinya sendiri
Batik is one of Indonesia’s most beautiful and widely used indigenous products. Its cultural significance comes from its historical role denoting hierarchy within the Javanese palace and the use of specific designs for particular occasions. Its move into mainstream use was made possible by lower-cost production methods making it more affordable, the artistic ability of Indonesia’s people, and the willingness of people to adopt it as it is suitable for wearing on all occasions. Batik refers to a piece of fabric which goes through a special process involving applying wax onto parts of a pristine white fabric that the artist wants to be unsaturated with colours when the fabric is subsequently dyed. The wax is applied to the textile by one of number of tools. These tools include a spoon-like tool with tapered tip (canting), a stamping block (canting cap), or a brush. The term ‘membatik’ refers to drawing on the white cloth, using hot wax.
Batik Making Process
Batik making is a long process, consisting of preparing the batik tools. Preparing the white fabric, drawing the pattern, applying wax to the pre-drawn fabric, and dyeing it. Right tools and raw materials are crucial for producing a perfect batik. The absence of one or more tools might affect the quality of the end result. It is therefore wise to ensure the availability of all materials aand tools before starting to make batik.
The main batik making tools are the drawing instrument for transferring hot wax onto the cloth (canting tulis), the stamping block (canting cap), a brush, and tools to liquefying the wax. The term of ‘membatik’ itself means applying wax on the pre-drawn fabric. The most intricate way to apply wax is by means of an instrument called a canting. The canting consist of a small copper reservoir containing the heated, liquid wax, a handle for grip, and one or more downward pointing spouts through which the wax is poured on cloth. The artist can actually draw with the canting, and so can create images of great detail. The tool is Javanese invention and has been of vital importance in the development of batik technique and design. Cantings are available with spouts of different widths for the creation of thin and thicker lines. The models with more than one spout can be used to draw parallel lines. There is also a model with seven spouts, of which six form a circle, with the seventh in the middle. This instrument is used to stamp rather than draw, a simple ornament of seven dots.
Another invention which revolutionized the batik process is the cap. This tool resembles in iron in shape, and is used to stamp wax designs on fabric. To make a cap, strips of copper are bent into a certain design and soldered to a base plate. This instrument is held using a handle attached to the other side of the base plate. To apply a waxed design to the cloth, the cap is first pressed against a pad soaked in hot wax and then stamped on the fabric. It is often used in combination with the canting; the larger repeated design elements are stamped with the cap and finer details are drawn with the canting.
Making batik by hand-drawing the patterns and motifs using a canting is time consuming and labour intensive, hence its expensive tag. To simplify the process so that the batik is more affordable, batik makers use a cap, or stamping block made from copper to transfer the hot wax to the white fabric, resulting in batik cap (as opposed to hand-written batik). Thanks to this ingenious innovation, the batik industry is flourishing, making batik available at an attractive price and with enormous diversity. The price of batik cap varies according to the qualify of the stamping, the type of fabric, and its colour.
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